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The Comparative History of Public Policy. Edited by Francis G. Castles Trends in British Public Policy: Do Governments Make any Difference? Brian W. Hogwood Public Policy in Britain. Martin Burch & Bruce Wood

"Die nichtmedizinische Primärprävention gilt heute als zentrales Aufgabengebiet der Gesundheitsressorts auf allen Verwaltungsebenen. Zunehmend mehr Programme sollen die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung fördern und es bildet sich ein Netzwerk spezifischer Finanzierungs- und Projektträger. Wachstum und Konsolidierung dieser Strukturen können als die Reifung eines Politikfeldes angesehen werden. Die gegenwärtigen Präventionsprogramme des Staates sind eine Momentaufnahme dieses Prozesses auf der inhaltlichen Ebene. Sie sind ein Konglomerat mehrerer gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Innovationen. Eine Inhaltsanalyse der Dokumente zeigt auf, dass sich einige Empfehlungen der Wissenschaft in der staatlichen Programmformulierung wiederfinden. Es kann angenommen werden, dass sich im Politikfeld Lernprozesse vollziehen." (Autorenreferat)

"Foreign Policy Learning" published on by Oxford University Press.

First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics, this updated volume explores policy failures and the valuable opportunities for learning that they offer. Policy successes and failures offer important lessons for public officials, but often they do not learn from these experiences. The studies in this volume investigate this broken link. The book defines policy learning and failure and organises the main studies in these fields along the key dimensions of processes, products and analytical levels. Drawing together a range of experts in the field, the volume sketches a research agenda linking policy scholars with policy practice.

The predominant ontological position on agency in policy learning literature has been relatively learner-oriented, thus focusing on policy actors puzzling about policy problems. In other words, it focuses on how actors acquire, translate, and disseminate knowledge and information to address policy problems or 'puzzles'. However, despite its influence on learning and its outcomes, policy actors' powering, or agency in shaping learning processes has been scarcely explored or theorised. Drawing on policy learning literature, this article explores and demarcates the concept of 'policy learning governance' as a supplementary perspective to the learner-oriented view of agency in policy learning research. Here, learning governance can be understood as the deliberate processes by which policy actors strategise, design, and govern policy learning processes towards achieving technical or political objectives. This article explains how integrating a learning governance perspective into existing conceptual approaches to policy learning can provide a better basis for understanding the interactions between different constitutive elements of policy learning processes and outcomes, such as policy or belief change. In this way, it offers a more robust baseline for explaining learning processes, an advancement that has significant implications for both policy learning theory and practice.

The article contributes to the current discourse on learning regions. It aims to identify favourable conditions for policy learning in regions. Supported by the most prominent theories on regional development and innovation, the existence of autonomous policy networks in regions is regarded as a fundamental prerequisite for generating innovations. However, previous research does not clarify how networks have to be organized and linked to the institutional framework inside and outside a region, how actors should interact in networks, and whether competitive or cooperative orientations of actors are more conducive to change. Our theoretical reasoning leads us to the conclusion that learning regions are those that manage to meet different, to a certain degree contradictory, demands regarding structures of networks and actors involved. Successful learning, the generation and implementation of new patterns of politics and new policies depends on specific structural characteristics of networks, but also on actors' cognitive dispositions, orientations, strategies and interactions. Moreover, favourable institutional settings are identified which may induce adequate network structures and support innovative policies. Finally we draw some conclusions for practical regional policy in a 'learning region'.

ABSTRACTMultiple knowledges are available for utilisation in policy choice. The rank ordering of knowledges for use in decisionmaking is thus a fundamental predecision. This article shows how this predecision necessarily constrains the processes associated with a politics of ideas, using cases from American international commodity policy. Even when the supposed preconditions of this sort of politics are present, policy change did not occur when the proposed ideas arose from a knowledge accorded secondary status in policymaking circles. Several implications are discussed for the influence and the study of ideational politics. Ultimately, the politics of ideas, so often portrayed through cases of innovation, may be quite conservative, contained by knowledge hierarchies which reflect prior politicaxl circumstances.

Die nichtmedizinische Primärprävention gilt heute als zentrales Aufgabengebiet der Gesundheitsressorts auf allen Verwaltungsebenen. Zunehmend mehr Programme sollen die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung fördern und es bildet sich ein Netzwerk spezifischer Finanzierungs- und Projektträger. Wachstum und Konsolidierung dieser Strukturen können als die Reifung eines Politikfeldes angesehen werden. Die gegenwärtigen Präventionsprogramme des Staates sind eine Momentaufnahme dieses Prozesses auf der inhaltlichen Ebene. Sie sind ein Konglomerat mehrerer gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Innovationen. Eine Inhaltsanalyse der Dokumente zeigt auf, dass sich einige Empfehlungen der Wissenschaft in der staatlichen Programmformulierung wiederfinden. Es kann angenommen werden, dass sich im Politikfeld Lernprozesse vollziehen. ; Today, non-medical primary prevention is a central part of the responsibility of health departments at all levels of government. An increasing number of programs is promoting the health of the population. The network of specific sponsors and implementing organizations is expanding. The growth and the consolidation of these structures can be viewed as the maturing of a policy subsystem. The current programs of health promotion are a snapshot of the state of this process on the level of content. They are a conglomerate of several scientific innovations in public health. A content analysis of documents shows that some of these recommendations are reflected in the government's policy formulation. This fact speaks for an ongoing process of political learning.